Effects of in situ cross-linked graphene oxide-containing gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel on wound vascularization of full-thickness skin defect in mice / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To prepare graphene oxide (GO)-containing gelatin methacrylate anhydride (GelMA) hydrogel and to investigate the effects of in situ photopolymerized GO-GelMA composite hydrogel in wound vascularization of full-thickness skin defect in mice. Methods: The experimental study method was used. The 50 μL of 0.2 mg/mL GO solution was evenly applied onto the conductive gel, and the structure and size of GO were observed under field emission scanning electron microscope after drying. Human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) were divided into 0 μg/mL GO (without GO solution, the same as below) group, 0.1 μg/mL GO group, 1.0 μg/mL GO group, 5.0 μg/mL GO group, and 10.0 μg/mL GO group treated with GO of the corresponding final mass concentration, and the absorbance value was detected using a microplate analyzer after 48 h of culture to reflect the proliferation activity of cells (n=6). HSFs and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into 0 μg/mL GO group, 0.1 μg/mL GO group, 1.0 μg/mL GO group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO group treated with GO of the corresponding final mass concentration, and the migration rates of HSFs at 24 and 36 h after scratching (n=5) and HUVECs at 12 h after scratching (n=3) were detected by scratch test, and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by HSFs after 4, 6, and 8 h of culture was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (n=3). The prepared GO-GelMA composite hydrogels containing GO of the corresponding final mass concentration were set as 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 1.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group to observe their properties before and after cross-linking, and to detect the release of GO after soaking with phosphate buffer solution for 3 and 7 d (n=3). The full-thickness skin defect wounds were made on the back of 16 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice. The mice treated with in situ cross-linked GO-GelMA composite hydrogel containing GO of the corresponding final mass concentration were divided into 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 1.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group according to the random number table, with 4 mice in each group. The general condition of wound was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated on 3, 7, and 14 d of treatment, the wound blood perfusion was detected by laser Doppler flowmetry on 3, 7, and 14 d of treatment and the mean perfusion unit (MPU) ratio was calculated, and the wound vascularization on 7 d of treatment was observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining and the vascular density was calculated (n=3). The wound tissue of mice in 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group and 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group on 7 d of treatment was collected to observe the relationship between the distribution of GO and neovascularization by hematoxylin-eosin staining (n=3) and the expression of VEGF by immunohistochemical staining. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's method. Results: GO had a multilayered lamellar structure with the width of about 20 μm and the length of about 50 μm. The absorbance value of HSFs in 10.0 μg/mL GO group was significantly lower than that in 0 μg/mL GO group after 48 h of culture (q=7.64, P<0.01). At 24 h after scratching, the migration rates of HSFs were similar in the four groups (P>0.05); at 36 h after scratching, the migration rate of HSFs in 0.1 μg/mL GO group was significantly higher than that in 0 μg/mL GO group, 1.0 μg/mL GO group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO group (with q values of 7.48, 10.81, and 10.20, respectively, P<0.01). At 12 h after scratching, the migration rate of HUVECs in 0.1 μg/mL GO group was significantly higher than that in 0 μg/mL GO group, 1.0 μg/mL GO group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO group (with q values of 7.11, 8.99, and 14.92, respectively, P<0.01), and the migration rate of HUVECs in 5.0 μg/mL GO group was significantly lower than that in 0 μg/mL GO group and 1.0 μg/mL GO group (with q values of 7.81 and 5.33, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). At 4 and 6 h of culture, the VEGF expressions of HSFs in the four groups were similar (P>0.05); at 8 h of culture, the VEGF expression of HSFs in 0.1 μg/mL GO group was significantly higher than that in 0 μg/mL GO group and 5.0 μg/mL GO group (with q values of 4.75 and 4.48, respectively, P<0.05). The GO-GelMA composite hydrogels in the four groups were all red liquid before cross-linking, which turned to light yellow gel after cross-linking, with no significant difference in fluidity. The GO in the GO-GelMA composite hydrogel of 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group had no release of GO at all time points; the GO in the GO-GelMA composite hydrogels of the other 3 groups was partially released on 3 d of soaking, and all the GO was released on 7 d of soaking. From 3 to 14 d of treatment, the wounds of mice in the 4 groups were covered with hydrogel dressings, kept moist, and gradually healed. On 3, 7, and 14 d of treatment, the wound healing rates of mice in the four groups were similar (P>0.05). On 3 d of treatment, the MPU ratio of wound of mice in 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 1.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group (with q values of 10.70, 11.83, and 10.65, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On 7 and 14 d of treatment, the MPU ratios of wound of mice in the four groups were similar (P>0.05). The MPU ratio of wound of mice in 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group on 7 d of treatment was significantly lower than that on 3 d of treatment (q=14.38, P<0.05), and that on 14 d of treatment was significantly lower than that on 7 d of treatment (q=27.78, P<0.01). On 7 d of treatment, the neovascular density of wound of mice on 7 d of treatment was 120.7±4.1 per 200 times of visual field, which was significantly higher than 61.7±1.3, 77.7±10.2, and 99.0±7.9 per 200 times of visual field in 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, 1.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, and 5.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group (with q values of 12.88, 7.79, and 6.70, respectively, P<0.01), and the neovascular density of wound of mice in 1.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group and 5.0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group (with q values of 5.10 and 6.19, respectively, P<0.05). On 7 d of treatment, cluster of new blood vessels in wound of mice in 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group was significantly more than that in 0 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group, and the new blood vessels were clustered near the GO; a large amount of VEGF was expressed in wound of mice in 0.1 μg/mL GO composite hydrogel group in the distribution area of GO and new blood vessels. Conclusions: GO with mass concentration lower than 10.0 μg/mL had no adverse effect on proliferation activity of HSFs, and GO of 0.1 μg/mL can promote the migration of HSFs and HUVECs, and can promote the secretion of VEGF in HSFs. In situ photopolymerized of GO-GelMA composite hydrogel dressing can promote the wound neovascularization of full-thickness skin defect in mice and increase wound blood perfusion in the early stage, with GO showing an enrichment effect on angiogenesis, and the mechanism may be related to the role of GO in promoting the secretion of VEGF by wound cells.

Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatments of COVID-19 Patients from Two Hospitals Based on “Treatment of Disease in Accordance with Three Conditions” / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the guidance value of “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. MethodDemographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system （HIS） of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. ResultA total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai，dominated by young and middle-aged males，had clinical symptoms of fever， abnormal sweating，and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat， with manifest cold， dampness， and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness， accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Gypsum Fibrosum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast，the 105 patients in Ruili， dominated by young females， had atypical clinical symptoms， and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach， with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen， resolving dampness， and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Coicis Semen，Platycodonis Radix，Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， and Pogostemonis Herba. ConclusionThe differences in clinical characteristics， TCM syndromes， and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions，population characteristics， and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.

Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Tablet for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloids (Sangzhi alkaloids, SZ-A) for treatment of type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients were randomized to receive SZ-A (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 16 weeks. The data analysis system for electronic data capture clinical trial central randomization system was used for randomization and dispensing of drugs. The primary outcome was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcome included the proportions of cases with HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c <6.5%, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), area under curve for the PBG (AUC0-2h), body weight, and body mass index (BMI). Adverse events (AEs), severe adverse events (SAEs), treatment-related adverse events (TAEs), gastrointestinal disorders (GDs), blood pressure, routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function were monitored.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the change of HbA1c at week 16 was -0.80% (95% CI: -0.98% to -0.62%) and -0.09% (95% CI: -0.27% to 0.09%) in SZ-A group and placebo group, respectively. The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% and <6.5% was higher in the SZ-A group than in the placebo group (46.8% vs. 21.6% and 29.9% vs. 10.8%). The observed values and changes in FBG, 1 h-PBG, 2 h-PBG, and AUC0-2h differed significantly between groups (P<0.001), but differences were not significant in body weight and BMI (P>0.05). The incidence rates of AEs, TAEs, and GDs differed significantly between groups (P=0.010, P=0.005, and P=0.006, respectively), whereas the incidence rates of SAEs showed no significant differences between groups (P=1.000).@*CONCLUSION@#SZ-A are effective and safe for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The protocol was registered in http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60117 (ChiCTR2000038550).

Recovery of a patient with severe COVID-19 by acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine adjuvant to standard care / 中西医结合学报

There is currently no drug or therapy that can cure the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, seeking potential effective therapies is an urgent task. An older female at the Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China, with a severe case of COVID-19 with significant shortness of breath and decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO

Exploration of Potential Mechanisms of Corylin Against Lung Cancer By High-throughput Sequencing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of corylin in the treatment of lung cancer. Method:A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of corylin， and their proliferation was detected using methye thiazolye telrazlium （MTT） reagent. Then the trend analysis and gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to screen the key genes and pathways of corylin against A549 cell proliferation， followed by the verification of sequencing results by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Corylin inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and regulated the expression of 4 364 genes in cells. The trend analysis revealed that these genes were clustered into 20 distinct modules， among which four were significantly down-regulated， suggesting that corylin exerted the anti-proliferation effect by inhibiting the expression of some genes. The inter-group comparison of differentially expressed genes （DEGs） showed that the elevation in the concentration of corylin resulted in more down-regulated genes but weakened proliferation， consistent with the findings by trend analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of 278 DEGs in the high-dose corylin group demonstrated that corylin mainly changed the cellular and metabolic processes， which was attributed to its regulation of steroid biosynthesis， fatty acid metabolism， biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies， and steroid hormone biosynthesis. The Real-time PCR results confirmed that corylin down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LSS， stearoyl-CoA desaturase （SCD）， 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 （HMGCS1）， but up-regulated the mRNA expression of recombinant human angiopoietin-like protein 4 （ANGPTL4）， basically consistent with the transcriptomics results. Conclusion:Corylin inhibits A549 cell proliferation and alleviates lung cancer by targeting the related genes in lipid metabolism pathways.

Effect of One-way Tracheostomy Speaking Valve on Aspiration of Dysphagia Patients after Tracheotomy for Cerebral Hemorrhage / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of a one-way tracheostomy speaking valve based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy for cerebral hemorrhage. Methods:From January to December, 2018, 37 patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy for cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group (n = 21) and experimental group (n = 16). Both groups accepted neuromuscular electrical stimulation, while the experimental group was trained to use one-way tracheostomy speaking valve additionally, for three weeks. They were assessed with Functional Oral Food Intake Scale (FOIS) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) before and after treatment. Results:The scores of FOIS and PAS improved in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 3.544, P < 0.001), and was better in the experimental group than in the control group (|Z| > 2.094, P < 0.05). Conclusion:One-way tracheostomy speaking valve training based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation could improve swallowing and reduce aspiration of patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy.

Treatment of superior mesenteric artery embolism by percutaneous mechanica thrombectomy with the Solitaire FR stent system / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical feasibility,safety,and clinical outcome of mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire FR stent system for embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery(SMA).METHODS: The clinical data of 6 patients with embolic occlusion of the SMA treated by mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire FR stent system between January 2015 and June 2018 in Binzhou City People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Superior mesenteric artery occlusion was initially diagnosed by computed tomography(CT)in all patients.A successful thrombus removal of superior mesenteric arterial by Solitaire FR stent system was observed in the 6 patients.Five patients had recovered well after operation and no complications such as artery dissection,perforation and hemorrhage or intestinal ischemia.One patient underwent bowel resection.CONCLUSION: The arterial mechanical thrombectomy with solitaire FR stent system are characterized with high rate of recanalization,fine security,minimal invasion and less complications in patients with acute superior mesentericvarterial embolism.

Analysis on Professor WEI Zi-xiao's Experience in Using Paired Medicine / 中国中医药信息杂志

"Paired medicine" belongs to the TCM compatibility, and is often relatively fixed applied in some special cases, with advantages of positive efficacy and simplified medication. The efficacy of paired medicine is not derived from the use of single medicine. It's new function can be realized through the compatibility between single medicine. Professor WEI Zi-xiao is expert in using paired medicine. Most of his commonly used paired medicine comes from some famous TCM prescriptions. Professor WEI Zi-xiao brings forth new ideas on the basis of his own experience and the outcome of modern research, with obvious clinical efficacy.

Design and implementation of auxiliary functions of first-aid chest / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To extend the auxiliary functions of the first-aid chest in the mobile emergency unit.Methods The auxiliary functions were designed from the aspects of supporting medical documents,CPR board,leakproof piecework card,time display,low light illumination,medical wastes recovery,adjustable perfusion support and medical console with considerations on standardized operation,requirements of medical treatment in field conditions as well as technical characteristics of mobile emergency unit.The weight and volume of the chest had no growth during the extension of the auxiliary functions.Results The extended auxiliary functions of the chest improved the mobile emergency unit in adaptability to field conditions and field medical treatment.Conclusion The extension of the auxiliary functions contributes to the optimization of the mobile emergency medical unit,and thus is worthy promoting in field first aid of the sanatorium and hospital.

Polymyxin B as an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharides contamination of herb crude polysaccharides in mononuclear cells / 中国天然药物

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) contamination in herbal crude polysaccharides is inevitable. The present study was performed to explore the effect of polymyxin B on abolishing the influence of LPS contamination in mononuclear cells. LPS was pretreated with polymyxin B sulfate (PB) at different concentrations for 1, 5 or 24 h, and then used to stimulate RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). The nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell culture supernatant, as the indications of cell response, were assayed. Bupleurum chinensis polysaccharides (BCPs) with trace amount contamination of LPS was treated with PB. 30 μg·mL of PB, treating LPS (10 and 1 000 ng·mL in stimulating RAW264.7 and MPMs respectively) at 37 °C for 24 h, successfully abolished the stimulating effect of LPS on the cells. When the cells were stimulated with LPS, BCPs further promoted NO production. However, pretreated with PB, BCPs showed a suppression of NO production in MPMs and no change in RAW264.7. In the in vitro experiments, LPS contamination in polysaccharide might bring a great interference in assessing the activity of drug. Pretreatment with PB (30 μg·mL) at 37 °C for 24 h was sufficient to abolish the effects of LPS contamination (10 and 1 000 ng·mL).

Polysaccharides extracted from the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC modulates macrophage functions / 中国天然药物

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Bupleurum chinense DC (BCPs) on macrophage functions. In the in vivo experiment, 1 mL of 5% sodium thioglycollate was injected into the abdomen of the mice on Day 0 and macrophages were harvested on Day 4. The macrophages were cultured in plates and treated with different concentrations of BCPs and stimulus. Effects of BCPs on macrophage functions were assessed by chemotaxis assay, phagocytosis assay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Our results showed the enhanced chemotaxis, phagocytosis and secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines by macrophages when treated with BCPs. However, when chemotaxis and phagocytosis were up-regulated by complement components or opsonized particles, BCPs inhibited these effects. Also, the NO production induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was suppressed by BCPs mildly. Moreover, BCPs had an inhibitory effect on the [Ca] elevation of macrophages. These results suggested that BCPs exerted modulatory effects on macrophage functions, which may contribute to developing novel approaches to treating inflammatory diseases.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Renal CaM/NO Pathway in Dahl Rats with Prehypertension / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on renal CaM-eNOS-NO signal pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with prehypertension.Methods Thirty 7-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) were allocated,using a random number table,to model,acupuncture and non-meridian-acupoint groups.Ten 7-week-old male Dahl salt-resistant rats (DR) were used as a blank group.The rats were fed in a SPF animal experiment center.An 8％ NaC1 high salt diet was provided after 1-week adaptive feeding.During the period,rat blood pressure was monitored using an intelligent noninvasive sphygmomanometer.A rat model of prehypertension was successfully made if rat blood pressure rose to 120～ 139/80～89 mmHg after 12 days.At that time,a high salt diet was stopped and a normal diet was provided.The blank and model groups received 15-minute regular fixation and no treatment.The acupuncture group received electroacupuncture at bilateral Quchi and Zusanli.The non-meridianacupoint group received electroacupuncture at fixed control points selected between 10 and 15 mm above bilateral iliac crests 20 mm lateral to the midline.Treatment was given once daily,6 times a week,for five consecutive weeks.The left rat kidney was taken.CaM and eNOS mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative fluorescence PCR.eNOS was quantified and located by western blot and immunohistochemical method.NO content was measured by ELISA.Results As compared with the blank group,CaM and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein content and NO content decreased significantly in the model group (all P＜0.05).As compared with the model group,CaM and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein content and NO content increased significantly in the acupuncture group (all P＜0.05).As compared with the model group,CaM expression increased significantly (P＜0.05) but eNOS mRNA expression and NO content had no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05) in the non-meridian-acupoint group.Conclusion The renoprotective effect of electroacupuncture at Quchi and Zusanli may be related to upregulating renal CaM-eNOS-NO signal pathway in DS rats with prehypertension.

Effect of schistosomiasis control in Yangxin County,Hubei Province,2004-2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control and prevention in Yangxin County from 2004 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for improving the work of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted and elimination in the fu-ture. Methods According to the endemic types and endemic regularity of schistosomiasis in Yangxin County,the comprehen-sive control strategies were adopted,and the programs related to sanitation,water conservancy,forestry,and agriculture were implemented continuously. The schistosomiasis control effects in this county from 2004 to 2015 were analyzed and compared. Re-sults After the implementation of the schistosomiasis comprehensive control strategies in Yangxin County ,the calculated num-ber of patients reduced from 22240 in 2004 to 1471 in 2015,the infection rate of residents reduced from 8.57%in 2004 to 0.16%in 2015,the number of patients with acute schistosome infection reduced from 64 in 2004 to 0,and no cases of acute schistosomiasis found since 2009. The infection rate of cattle decreased from 8.87%in 2004 to 0. The area with Oncomelania hu-pensis snails and the area of susceptible zone reduced from 3446.21 hm2 and 1111.59 hm2 in 2004 to 2285.75 hm2 and 41.28 hm2 in 2015 respectively,and the schistosome-infection rate of snails reduced from 0.76%in 2004 to 0. Conclusions Since the comprehensive control strategy implemented from 2004,the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Yangxin County has de-creased significantly. However,the harness force of the Fu River as well as the control of infection source of livestock still should be strengthened to consolidate the control achievement.

Comparison of early-warning ability of five different detection systems for erroneous glycosylated hemoglobin results from compand heterozygotes of hemoglobulin NewYork acompainying β-thalassemia / 临床检验杂志

Objective To analyze the HbA1c results of double heterozygotes of hemoglobin(Hb) NewYork and β-thalassemia detected by five different HbA1c detection systems,and compare the early-warning abilities of erroneous glycosylated hemoglobin results for Hb NewYork and β-thalassemia heterozygotes.Methods Peripheral blood samples from 40 patients without hemoglobinopathies with different range of HbA1c levels were collected to evaluate the consistency of the detected results.Variant Ⅱ system was used as the reference system which successfully completed NGSP Level Ⅰ laboratory certification.Variant Ⅱ Turbo 2.0 (V Ⅱ-T),Capillary 2 Flex Piercing(2FP),Primus Ultra2 (Ultra2)and Roche Modular PPI(PPI) 800 were used as the comparative systems.The HbA1 c in 2 sera from the patients with compand heterozygotes of Hb NewYork was detected by the above systems.Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed.Gentypes of á-and β-globin genes were analyzed by GAP-PCR,hybridization and dideoxy chain termination method.Results The HbA1c values in non-hemoglobinophthy samples obtained using V Ⅱ-T 2.0,Ultra2,C2FP and PPI systems were well correlated with that of VⅡ system.The hemoglobin genotypes of the two cases of compand heterozygotes were aa/aa,βIVS-2-654/βNewYork and aa/aa,β41-42/βNewYork,respectively.The proportions of HbA were all 0 while the proportions of Hb NewYork were 93.5％ and 94.0％ respectively.The HbA1c results of the two cases detected were 4.3％ (23 mmol/mol)and 4.5％ (26 mmol/mol)by V Ⅱ,4.5 ％ (26 mmol/mol) and 4.6％ (27 mmol/mol) by VⅡ-T 2.0,no values and no values by C2FP,4.1％ (21 mmol/mol) and 4.3 ％ (23 mmol/mol) by Ultra2 and 4.2％ (22 mmol/mol) and 4.8 ％ (29 mmol/mol) by PPI systems,respectively.All the systems did not send warning for abnormal signs in profiles and results.Conclusion The five systems presented different early-warning ability for the double heterozygotes of Hb NewYork and β-thalassemia.The compand heterozygotes should theoretically not contain HbA1 c,but the systems V Ⅱ,V Ⅱ-T,Ultra2 and PPI showed detectable results of HbA1 c indicating all the four systems were not able to provide with early-warning.C2FP system did not report HbA1c result so it exhibited early-warning ability for the double heterozygote.

Design and implementation of auxiliary functions of first-aid chest / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To extend the auxiliary functions of the first-aid chest in the mobile emergency unit.Methods The auxiliary functions were designed from the aspects of supporting medical documents,CPR board,leakproof piecework card,time display,low light illumination,medical wastes recovery,adjustable perfusion support and medical console with considerations on standardized operation,requirements of medical treatment in field conditions as well as technical characteristics of mobile emergency unit.The weight and volume of the chest had no growth during the extension of the auxiliary functions.Results The extended auxiliary functions of the chest improved the mobile emergency unit in adaptability to field conditions and field medical treatment.Conclusion The extension of the auxiliary functions contributes to the optimization of the mobile emergency medical unit,and thus is worthy promoting in field first aid of the sanatorium and hospital.

Effect of astragaloside on mRNA expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction in anemia model mice induced by chemotherapy / 中国中药杂志

To study the influence of astragaloside on mRNA expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction in anemia model mice induced by chemotherapy, 48 male BALB/c mice which were 6-7 week old were picked as the research objects and randomly divided into four groups, blank group, model group, astragaloside group and astragaloside IV group. Each group was 12 mice. Chemotherapy anemia model was established by cyclophosphamide. The mice were drawn blood from eyeball after 14 days treatment. The QPCR was used to test the mRNA concentrations of Akt, PI3K, BCL-xl, bad, FoxO, mTOR, PTEN in mouse spleen. In comparison of blank group, astragaloside group and astragaloside IV group,the erythrocyte counting and values of Hb in model group were significantly lower (P<0.05). The volumes mRNA of Akt,PI3K,BCL-xl,bad,mTOR were lower in blank group, compared with other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The similar trend in astragaloside IV group except PI3K, comparing with blank group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The contents of these five genes were no significant differentiations between astragaloside group and blank group. The statistics were obvious between astragaloside group and astragaloside IV group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The concentrations of FoxO, PTEN were higher in model group,compared with blank group and astragaloside group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but no difference with astragaloside IV group. Comparing with blank group, the volumes of these two genes were increased in astragaloside IV group (P<0.05), FoxO was higher in astragaloside group (P<0.05), but PTEN was not significant. There was no the same as astragaloside group and Astragaloside IV group. Therefore, astragaloside could increase the contents of Akt, PI3K, BCL-xl, bad, mTOR (P<0.01), decrease the concentrations of FoxO, PTEN (P<0.05). The changes in cyclophosphamide-induced anemia were highly significant by astragaloside. It could be related to the mRNA expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signal Transduction.

Study on effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.</p>

Recognition of Similarities and Differences--a New Thinking Paradigm of Critically Care Integrative Medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

"Wise men could recognize similarities, but the fool only recognizes differences" in Su-wen, which expounded clinical thinking methods of Chinese medicine (CM). "To recognize similarities and differences simultaneously" is of important clinical significance in understanding the laws of diseases. CM pays much attention to recognize similarities, while modern medicine emphasizes the differences observed. In order to develop integrative medicine (IM), similarities recognition and differences identification must be combined together to innovate new thinking methods of IM.

Isochamaejasmin induces apoptosis in leukemia cells through inhibiting Bcl-2 family proteins / 中国天然药物

The biflavonoid isochamaejasmin is mainly distributed in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae) that is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and psoriasis. Herein, isochamaejasmin was found to show similar bioactivity against Bcl-2 family proteins to the reference Bcl-2 ligand (-)-gossypol through 3D similarity search. It selectively bound to Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 with Ki values being 1.93 ± 0.13 μmol·L(-1) and 9.98 ± 0.21 μmol·L(-1), respectively. In addition, isochamaejasmin showed slight growth inhibitory activity against HL-60 with IC50 value being 50.40 ± 1.21 μmol·L(-1) and moderate growth inhibitory activity against K562 cells with IC50 value being 24.51 ± 1.62 μmol·L(-1). Furthermore, isochamaejasmin induced apoptosis of K562 cells by increasing the intracellular expression levels of proteins of the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP which involved in the Bcl-2-induced apoptosis pathway. These results indicated that isochamaejasmin induces apoptosis in leukemia cells by inhibiting the activity of Bcl-2 family proteins, providing evidence for further studying the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of S. chamaejasme L.

Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity: a systematic review and meta- analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the incidence of Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity and related factor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literature retrieval was conducted by using multi-databases for meta-analysis on Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity. The data were collected with a standardized form. Overall estimation of incidence of hepatotoxicity for specific study type was calculated by using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model owing to the substantial differences among the studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 204 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The incidence of Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity was 3.6%-4.2%. The dosage and duration specific subgroup analyses did not show any significant difference among groups, while the age specific subgroup analysis showed the incidence in children and people aged >60 years was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5%-4.2%) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.1%-8.7%) respectively. Additionally, the incidence of the hepatotoxicity was higher in people who had oral administration of ketoconazole beyond the provisions of the usage instructions, and the incidence was 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity was common. Off-label use might increase the risk of liver damage. Well-designed large sample studies are needed to identify the risk factors in future.</p>